Author Guidelines

Authors should prepare a complete, original manuscript within the scope of INCOME and submit it through the journal's online submission system. Submission does not constitute acceptance.

Language and manuscript preparation

 The journal's language English policy must be applied consistently to the website, manuscript template, and submission requirements.

The existing written guidance specifies approximately 5,000 words or 10–15 pages, A4 paper, a single-column layout, single spacing, Times New Roman 11-point body text, and a 14-point title. The font used for this website is separate from the font required in manuscript files.

Upload an editable manuscript file. DOCX is recommended; other editable formats should be used only where accepted by the submission system. Obtain the current template from the journal website. 

Files and author information

Provide an anonymized main manuscript for double-blind review and a separate title page containing the title, author names, institutional affiliations, and corresponding author's email address. Enter all authors in the OJS metadata in the agreed order. ORCID identifiers may be supplied where available.

Remove names, acknowledgments revealing identity, identifiable comments, tracked changes, and identifying document properties from the review file. Cite relevant previous work neutrally. Supply full funding, contribution, and ethics declarations separately if they would reveal identity during review; restore them in the accepted version.

Article structure

  1. Title: describe the topic and main research focus precisely.
  2. Abstract and keywords: provide a self-contained abstract of no more than 250 words and 3–6 keywords. Explain the purpose, approach, principal findings, and contribution.
  3. Introduction: establish the problem, relevant evidence, research gap, and objective. Develop the theoretical framework and hypotheses where appropriate.
  4. Methods: explain design, setting, participant or case selection, data sources, measures, and analysis in enough detail for readers to assess the work. Address relevant ethical safeguards.
  5. Results and discussion: report findings accurately and explain their relationship to the research question, prior evidence, and theory. These sections may be combined when appropriate to the study design.
  6. Conclusion: state the contribution, practical implications, limitations, and justified directions for further research.
  7. Declarations and references: provide author contributions, funding, competing interests, ethics and consent where relevant, data availability, acknowledgments, and the complete reference list.

Tables, figures, and references

Number tables and figures consecutively, give informative captions, and refer to each in the text. Define abbreviations and measurement units. Obtain permission for third-party material where required and identify its source.

Use APA 7th Every citation must have a matching reference and every listed reference must be cited. Verify bibliographic details and add DOI links where available. Reference managers are recommended, but authors remain responsible for accuracy.

Electronic submission

  1. Register or log in, then open the submission page.
  2. Review the submission requirements and select the appropriate section or article category offered by the system.
  3. Upload the anonymized manuscript, separate title page, cover letter, and relevant supporting documents, assigning the appropriate file labels.
  4. Complete the title, abstract, keywords, author details, and other required metadata. Check author order and contact information.
  5. Review the submission summary and complete submission. Retain the submission identifier and follow editorial correspondence through OJS.

Submit revised files under the existing submission together with a point-by-point response explaining changes and any reasoned disagreements. Do not create a new submission for a revision unless instructed by the editor.

Submission checklist

  • The work fits the scope, all authors approve submission, and the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere.
  • The review file is anonymized and the author metadata are complete.
  • Methods, findings, references, tables, and figures have been checked for accuracy.
  • Required permissions, declarations, ethics documentation or exemption explanations, and supplementary files are provided.

Fees and assistance

Consult the Author Fee page before submission. Editorial decisions are based on scholarly merit and are not purchased through payment. Direct questions about submission requirements or technical difficulties to the editorial office.